Tarun agarwal is the chief customer support officer at edgefx technologies pvt ltd. Hiletgo l293d dc motor drive shield stepper motor drive shield expansion board for arduino 4. The range of speed control and robust working adds to the usefulness of the dc motors. Th e frequency modes of asynchronous motor speed regulation are examined. Prototype core components of a traction motor were designed and built for installation in the casing of a general motors d77 traction motor from a gp38 locomotive to test and evaluate the technology capabilities. Here two or more similar mechanicallycoupled motors are employed. The control of traction motors for starting and for smooth acceleration is very much essential to avoid damage to the motors. Dc series motor is specially used for traction, electric locomotive, trolley systems, cranes and conveyor belt. Comparison of ac77 ac torque motor to d77 dc motor 62.
Voltage control considerations require that the permanent magnet flux be restricted, and then to produce high torque at low speeds, motors are often made. With the contribution of converter the efficiency and speed control ranges is enhanced to great. Variable voltage variable frequency speed control of. A further measure of control is provided by using pairs of motors on a vehicle in. Speed of a dc motor can be controlled by various ways, like flux control method, armature control, voltage control method etc. How to start and control the speed of traction motors.
The electrical machine under study in this paper is a flux synchronous reluctance machine synrm with 4 poles and 27 slots. Electric traction 1701 however, the steam locomotive suffers from the following disadvantages. The pm motor is claimed to offer higher startup torque than ac asynchronous or induction motors used in locomotives, giving the ability to drive the axle directly as opposed to the gear drive used with. Control systems are capable of controlling both the torque and speed of the motor, which gives a wide range of operation suitable for traction. Merits and demerits of rheostatic control method 1. Designers have to handle control logic, torque and speed control, powerdelivery issues and ensure safe operation in every load condition. This is one of the most required characteristics of dc series motor. Electric drives of traction rolling stocks with ac motors. The traction motor is a four pole dc series motor in which field winding is connected in series with armature. Directcurrent motors with series field windings are the oldest type of traction motors. Only series and compound dc motors are suitable for traction work. Pdf on may 3, 2019, ahmed m t ibraheem alnaib and others published dc motors find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Speed control of dc motor using pulse wi authorstream presentation.
Traction motors in diesel locomotives ee publishers. Applied te of tap changer locomotive is in steps due to tap changer control and peak has to be kept within adhesion limit therefore average te applied is always less then adhesion limit. An optimal minimaltime feedback control law is synthesized for speed control of a field controlled d. The determination of the asynchronous traction motor. Permanent magnet dc traction motor with reconfigurable winding.
Hiletgo 12v40v 10a pwm dc motor speed control switch controller voltage regulator 4. A bldc motor is composed of the motor, controller and position sensor. Electric propulsion controls and accessories a 77 a torque. As induction motors are widely being used, their speed control may be required in many applications. Traction systems for locomotives and high speed applications. Rheostatic control electrical engineering assignment. Early dcdc converters were known as choppers with siliconcontrolled rectifiers. The control equipment is provided for manual and automatic operation. Variable voltage variable frequency control of threephase induction motor in closed loop is the significant feature of the thesis work. Brushless dc motors are an advanced option due to their wide speed range, low heat and maintenancefree operation. Speed control methods of various types of speed control motors. For the induction motor, the steady state motoring region is restricted from 80% of the rated speed to 100% of the rated speed due to the fixed supply frequency and the number of poles. Introduction this application note describes the design of a 3phase ac induction motor drive with volts per hertz control in closedloop vhz cl. As dc power can be easily transported, dc motor contributes a lot to traction drives.
In this article we will discuss about how to start and control the speed of traction motors. Ac induction motor speed control so what can we do to control the speed of an ac induction motor. All these works require frequent speed control for preparation of job. Speed control of a dc motor is either done manually by the operator or by means of an automatic control device. Using pi controllers to smoothen the voltage applied to the motor. For smallmotor applications many appliance designers favor modern three phase brushless dc motors because of the high efficiency as great as 95% and small size for a given delivered power. Three phase induction motor as traction motor railelectrica. Our speed control motor packages include the motor, the driver controller, and a potentiometer which allows for easy speed control adjustment. With a dc series motor, the current and torque produced at standstill may be reduced by strengthening the. The advantages of bldc motor over brushed dc motor are presented below. The challenges of autonomous operation of a vehicle require safe, runaway and collision free operation.
Speed changes with every change in load, because speed variations depend not only on controlling resistance but on load current also. Pdf the aspect of vector control using the asynchronous traction. Speed control motors for applications where variable speeds are necessary, typically an ac motor with an inverter or brush motors are used. Review of characteristics of different types of dc and ac. Speed of an induction motor depends only on number of poles and frequency of applied power supply from the formula. Brushless dc motor design for electric traction system md. Adding further to your knowledge, there are two types of motor with used in electric traction in india i. Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an. The speed control of the traction motor is essential for safe operation of a mobile robot. A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives. When an induction motor starts, it will draw very high inrush current due to the absence of the back emf at start. Us4150324a speed control system of traction motor for.
He has 8 years of experience in customer support, operations and administration. These provide a speedtorque characteristic useful for propulsion, providing high torque at lower speeds for acceleration of the vehicle, and declining torque as speed increases. Pdf the article examines curves controlling asynchronous traction motors. A pwm pulse width modulation wave can be used to control the speed of the motor. In summary, for a unit step command in motor speed, the control systems output should meet the following requirements. In other words, the shunt motor will not destroy its elf if it loses its fi eld, but it wont have the torque required to do the job it was designed for. The study design requires some analytical analysis in speed program, followed by a numerical one in order to obtain the. Dc series motor has speed torque curve similar to that of traction load. The different methods of speed control of induction motor can be broadly classified in to scalar and vector control methods. Although terminalvoltage control by means of a variable voltage supply would effectively control the speed of a d. How do traction motors work in electric locomotives.
The paper present the analysis of the performances of an electrical machine used for electric traction in automotive application. Aureth4004 diagnose and repair traction motor speed. This is different to speed regulation where the speed is trying to be maintained or regulated against the natural change in speed due to a change in the load on the shaft. Usually a master controller is used for the purpose. A proximity sensor 34 is mounted within a housing 32 having a sensor support portion 44 cantilevered from a base portion 40. This double dependence makes it impossible to keep the speed sensibly constant on rapidly changing loads.
It is a forced ventilated machine arranged for axle mounting on sleeve bearing. Design and control of synchronous reluctances motors for. The product provides for fine torquespeed control resolution at a low speed down to 1 mph and up to speeds in excess of 100 mph. In the speed range from zero to the diesel generator set full power speed, the traction motor implements torque that is equal to starting one the first control zone. It is based on freescales 56f800e microcontrollers. Voltage control considerations require that the permanent magnet flux be restricted, and then to produce high torque at low. Permanent magnet dc traction motor with reconfigurable. Speed control of dc motor using pulse wi authorstream. Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an electric vehicle b. Induction and synchronous motor drives, starting, running, speed control, braking.
Release 2 replaces aureth4004 diagnose and repair traction motor speed control device in battery electric vehicles release 1 reference to ohs legislation replaced with new whs legislation unit descriptor unit descriptor this unit describes the performance outcomes required to repair the traction motor speed control device in battery. A traction motor speed sensor support arrangement 30. Finally, speed sensorless control techniques research. Also, since a speed faster than the reference may damage the equipment, we want to have a step response with overshoot of less than 5%. Dowel pins 60 extending from the base portion 40 position the sensor 34 at a predetermined locative relative to a rotating wheel 56 within the motor 10. Speed control of dc series motor is easy and various methods are available for this. In this case, we want it to have a settling time less than 2 seconds. Different speed control methods of induction motor are explained below.
High performance traction motor control techniques are discussed with respect to automotive applications. Pdf operation analysis of ac traction motors in terms of. Speed control methods of dc shunt as well as dc series motor are. A speed control system of traction motors for electric vehicles comprises a traction motor for causing an electric vehicle to run, a d. Some of the common uses of the shunt motor are machine shop lathes, and industry process lines where speed and. Speed torque equation of dc series motorlimits are set on the torque speed characteristics of series motor as t max and s max as per.
The disadvantages are high initial cost, and more complicated motor speed controllers wu et al. Speedtorque natural curve n fm of asynchronous traction motor. Brushless dc motor design for electric traction system. As explain by aniruddha, traction motors work like any other electric motor. Mysweety tb6600 4a 942v stepper motor driver cnc controller, stepper motor driver 4. The basic aim is to give a detailed description of how the most generally used traction and engine systems work in presentday railways. To control atm, the authors suggest the method of vector control presenting the structural schemes of a locomotive with atm and control algorithm.
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