Dissolution of copper from ore in sulfuric acid solvent, collection of solvent for cementation or solvent extraction remove copper from pregnant ieachate and remove some impurities remove copper from pregnantieachate and produce an electrolyte with sufficient copper content foreiectrowinning recover copper from the loaded electrolyte. The aim of the copper solvent extraction process is to concentrate aqueous copper solution from a few gl to about 40 50 gl and to purify the solution from ferrous, manganese, chloride and other impurities, which are harmful for the downstream electrowinning process. A multidisciplinary experiment for advanced undergraduate students has been developed in the context of extractive metallurgy. Us5849172a copper solvent extraction and electrowinning. Design of coppercobalt hydrometallurgical circuits graeme. It is even more popular for refining copper from scrap. The oxidized ores, consisting of the silicates, carbonates and sulfates, are treated by several methods, all involving some form of leaching of the crushed ore with sulfuric acid to produce impure solutions of copper sulfate. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulphuric acid to produce a very dilute copper ii sulphate solution. Over the last several decades copper solvent extractionelectrowinning has proven to be a cost effective and adaptable technique for producing high grade copper. Introduction the most important operation in hydrometallurgy is leaching of properly prepared.
Two immiscible unmixing liquids are stirred and allowed to separate, causing the copper to move from one liquid to the other. Extraction of copper mining, concentration, smelting. In conventional sx plants this will recover up to 98% of the copper still leaving 0. Design of coppercobalt hydrometallurgical circuits graeme miller. In the second step, called stripping step, metal is recovered from organic phase. Reagent improvements have led the way, but they have been accompanied by innovations in leaching and improvements in electrowinning. Historical background when the sulphuric acid copper lsxew flow sheet figure 1 was put forth by the minerals. There are several copper ores, but they all fall into two main categories. The copper in the pls is then extracted producing cathode copper using solvent extraction sx and electrowinning ew processes sxew. Solvent extraction is the process in which a compound transfers from one solvent to another owing to the difference in solubility or distribution coefficient between these two immiscible or slightly soluble solvents. Control of an industrial copper solvent extraction process. However, modelbased control has been successfully applied to solvent extraction processes in the chemical industry, as well as to some other.
There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic. Evaluation of copper solventextraction circuit data and. Azurite, malachite, and chrysocolla are a few examples of oxides ores. Copper recovery using leachsolvent extractionelectrowinning technology. To remove copper to the desirable level, the copper solvent extraction plant was designed with a two stage extraction circuit, namely primary and secondary extraction 3. A steady state model of an industrial copper solvent extraction and electrowinning plant was developed by aminian et al 7. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Liquidliquid extraction lle, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water polar and an organic solvent nonpolar. The model for the solvent extraction considers mass transfer of copper and iron in the mixers. Mining is conducted by electric shovels using truck haulage to the primary crusher and dumps. The solvent extraction and electrowinning facility would recover coppe r from the leach solution using an extraction and stripping process that culminates in an electroplating process and would continually recirculate the process solutions figure 3. Product choices include hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate.
Abbasnejad department of chemical engineering, university of guilan, rasht, iran corresponding author. Copper moves from the leach solution into the solvent. The experiment serves as a model of an important modern industrial process that combines aspects of organicinorganic synthesis and analysis. The solvent extraction process for copper recovery involves simultaneous cuprous oxidation and cupric solvent extraction. These require different treatments for extraction of the metal. The liquid percolates through the stockpile dissolving copper. Pdf design and optimization of copper solvent extraction. Pdf growing role of solvent extraction in copper ores. Most hydrometallurgical flowsheets recover cobalt from the raffinate of the lowgrade copper solventextraction circuit. Liquidliquid extraction and separation of copperii and. The percentage of copper in the actual ore is too low for direct extraction of copper to be viable. I need fundamental information about solvent extraction of copper. The transfer of the components from the feed to the solvent is controlled by the solubility behavior.
With the growing demand for metals of ever higher purity, the increasing use of unusual metals, and the necessity for treating ores of lower grade and greater complexity, solvent extraction has joined the ranks of other accepted recovery methods and. Trends covered are fiberreinforced plastic construction mixer box and settler designs, reverse flow settlers, and advanced mixer design. Downstream purification processes include sequential precipitation with a variety of reagents, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. Solvent extraction and electrowinning sxew is a twostage hydrometallurgical process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from lowgrade leach solutions into a solvent containing a chemical that selectively reacts with and binds the copper in the solvent. A wellperforming solventextraction circuit is a key part of producing good quality copper cathode. About 30% of the worlds copper is produced by acid leaching, solvent extraction sx, and electrowinning cox, 2004. The second aqueous phase is pure and concentrated stevanovic et al. Extraction of copper from sulphide ore large amount of copper are obtained from copper.
The commonest ore used in the extraction of copper is chalcopyrite cufes 2 also known as copper pyrites and other such sulfides. The demand for copper is due to its good strength and fatigue resistance, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, outstanding resistance to. Properties of copper ores the problem minerals from which copper can be extracted to make money are called copper ores. Sulphuric acid is sprayed onto the levelled off dump via a network of pipes designed to give even distribution. In other words, bioleaching is the commercialization of the ability of certain bacteria and archaea, found in nature, to catalyze the oxidation.
Solvent extraction of copper from chloride solution i. Copper processing, the extraction of copper from its ores and the preparation of copper metal or chemical compounds for use in various products. Ghanadzadeh gilani, department of chemical engineering, university of guilan, 435 rasht, iran, tel. We offer a broad range of solvent extraction reagents, collectors promoters, frothers, flocculants, and depressants. Sole and others published copper solvent extraction. Liquidliquid extraction, mostly used in analysis, is a technique in which a solution is brought into contact with a second solvent. The techniques for extraction of copper from oxidized ores are quite different from those employed for the sulfide ores.
The final phase of the solvent extraction process employs a strong acid to strip the copper from the organic solution. Castroa a mechanical engineering department, university of minho, 4800058 guimar. Bioleaching bioleaching is the extraction of a metal from sulfide ores or concentrates using materials found native to the environment. Although the first largescale application of copper recovery by solvent extraction sx took place in zambia in the early 1970s, it is only in the last decade that this technology has become widely employed in this part of the world and is now a mainstay unit operation in most copper. Here the copper is extracted away from the aqueous phase leaving behind most of the impurities that were in the leach solution. Dec 08, 2014 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Journal of hazardous materials b120 2005 1118 solvent extraction applied to the recovery of heavy metals from galvanic sludge j. Solvent extraction is a wellestablished technique for the removal and separation of various metal ions. The solvent extraction phase of treatment occurs in two stages. With innovative products, global field support and industry leading technical expertise, basf mining solutions provides sustainable solutions which increase productivity, recovery and flexibility throughout the mining operations including leaching, solvent extraction. Examples of application of solvent extraction techniques in chemical, radiochemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, analytical separations, and wastewater treatment. Concentration of the copper ii sulfate solution by solvent extraction.
The sx process at sbm utilizes two solvent extraction trains, each with three processing stages. Extraction of copper at elevated feed concentrations. Copper sx training solvent extraction chemical elements. Extraction of copper important ores of copper copper pyrite or chalcopyrite cufes 2. Pdf although the first largescale application of copper recovery by solvent extraction took place in zambia in the early 1970s, it is only in the. Solvent extraction an overview sciencedirect topics. Copper oxide deposits, and certain sulfide deposits, are amenable to treatment by heap leaching and. In the sxew process, the pls is pumped from the collection ponds to the sxew plant.
The operations are typically heap and dump leaching, with permanent pads rather than onoff pads to minimize operational costs. The concentration of ore is required and it is done by the froth flotation method. Students are tasked to prepare a salicylaldoxime ligand and samples of the corresponding copper and nickel complexes, before. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid to produce a very dilute copper ii sulfate solution. Process description of modified circuit copper sx was included between calcine leach and iron removal. Practica in process engineering ii extraction introduction extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed phase 1, by means of a liquid immiscible solvent phase 2. No implementations of advanced process control in the copper lxsxew process have so far been reported.
Copper sx training solvent extraction free download as pdf file. Their cyprus bagdad operation consists of an openpit coppermolybdenum mine, a 75,000 ton per day con centrator, a dump leach operation, and an sxew plant. Over the last several decades copper solvent extraction electrowinning has proven to be a cost effective and adaptable technique for producing high grade copper. Selective separation of copper and nickel by solvent. Anotherfactor is the widespread recognition ofthe advantages ofthe solvent extractionelectrowinning process sxelv. This continuous process consists of extraction and stripping processes. Copper minerals generally occur as oxides or sulfides. To ensure consistent operation, a good understanding of the circuits operation and an ability to rapidly troubleshoot key parameters is required.
Solvent extraction the sx circuit consists of 4 four mixersettler units. The influence of the equilibration time on copper and nickel extraction was studied by contacting equal volume of the aqueous solution ph 9. Flotation tailings from copper production are deposits of copper and other valuable metals, such as mo, v and u. Solvent extraction has been used to produce high grade copper in since the invention of appropriate organic reagents in 1968 by general mills chemicals. Mining industry 5 copper for nearly 5,000 years, copper was the only metal known to man. Compared with other separation methods, it gives a better. Extraction of copperii ions from aqueous solutions with a. In its pure form or as an alloy, copper cu is one of the most important metals in society. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Copper recovery by solvent extraction has progressed from a technology with limited application for copper recovery from dilute sulfuric acid leach solution to a technology with broad application for copper recovery from a variety of leach solutions. This solution, known as pregnant liquor, is recovered and then contacted with an organic solvent, referred to as the extractant, in the solvent extraction stage sx. The processing of copper oxide ore is performed by a hydrometallurgical process called solvent extraction electrowinning sxew. Komulainen, t rantala, a doyle, f jamsajounela, sirkka.
Copper can be extracted from nonsulfide ores by a different process involving three separate stages. Operating copper sx ew plants and nearterm projects in the copper belt. It remains one of the most used and reused of all metals. Solvent extraction techniques are used in a wide variety of industries other than hydrometallurgy and a large range of extraction equipment has been developed over the years, many types having apparent advantages over mixersettlers from the point of view of both solvent inventory and plot area. During the initial phase an organic solvent is used to recover copper ions contained in the pregnant leach solution, exchanging them with hydrogen ions in the acid. Although the first largescale application of copper recovery by solvent extraction sx took place in zambia in the early 1970s, it is only in the last decade that this technology has become widely employed in this part of the world and is now a mainstay unit operation in most copper hydrometallurgical flowsheets. How hydrometallurgy and the sxew process made copper the. Solvent extraction of cu, mo, v, and u from leach solutions of copper. Solvent extraction although solvent extraction as a method of separation has long been known to the chemists, only in recent years it has achieved recognition among analysts as a powerful separation technique. Growing role of solvent extraction in copper ores processing article pdf available in fizykochemiczne problemy mineralurgii 4242. Concentration of the copper ii sulphate solution by solvent extraction. Copper recovery using leachsolvent extractionelectrowinning. It is a liquidliquid extraction process used to purify and concentrate solutions obtained from the leaching of ores. Copper solvent extraction technology consists of two circuits connected by a common organic phase.
Products include specialized collectors used in the separation of copper sulfide ores and for copper containing byproduct metals, such as gold and molybdenum. For cement copper production freight and smelting charges alone usually exceed this figure. The problems related to the separation of undesirable and toxic metals are also discussed. A beryllium concentrate is produced from the leach solution by a countercurrent solvent extraction process using di2. Copper recovery by solvent extraction has progressed from a technology with limited application for copper recovery from dilute sulfuric acid leach solutio.
Solvent extraction sx of copper ii from ammonia solutions proceeds similarly to that from acidic solutions, but complexation of metal m by ammonia ligands must be considered. The present invention relates to the production of copper by solvent extraction of copper containing. Separation of copper ii with solvent extraction using lauric acid diluted in benzene h. Separation of copper ii with solvent extraction using. Solvent extraction has been routinely used for copper refining since its invention in the 1960s, and it is suggested that well over 10% of refined copper production from ores is obtained by solvent extraction, accounting for millions of tonnes of metal. Once solvent extraction has proved to be a costeffective way of purifying and concentrating copper from leach liquors. Copper solvent extraction was originally developed in the 1960s to. Hydroxyoximes are wellknown extractants which are widely used for copper extraction from dilute acidic. With innovative products, global field support and industry leading technical expertise, basf mining solutions provides sustainable solutions which increase productivity, recovery and flexibility throughout the mining operations including leaching, solvent extraction, flotation, solidliquid separation and tailings management.
Literature 681 solvent extraction is a technique which. Kordosky synopsis the concept of selectively extracting copper from a lowgrade dump leach solution followed by stripping the copper into an acid solution from which electrowon copper cathodes could. Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. A common method of copper recovery from oxide ores is dump leaching in which the excavated ore is crushed and dumped on an impervious surface in lifts of anything from 10 to 100 ft deep. The solvent extraction sx process is used to purify and concentrate an ion of interest so that it can. In recent years, the principle and theory behind solvent extraction has gained wide acceptance as one of the new tools of modern hydrometallurgy. The pure metal has a facecentred cubic crystal structure, and. In the first step, called extraction step, metal is extracted from aqueous phase by organic phase. For the experimental conditions studied, cyanex 272 showed a good recovery of zn after the stripping stage using h2so4. Copper can be extracted from nonsulphide ores by a different process involving three separate stages. Solvent extraction applied to the recovery of heavy metals.
The first step, leaching, starts with sprinkling a low concentration of sulphuric acid and water solution on a stockpile of lowgrade ore. Anotherfactor is the widespread recognition ofthe advantages ofthe solvent extraction electrowinning process sxelv. The transfer of copper from a cui chloride solution to a cuii sulfate solution requires extraction with a hydroxyoxime extractant as is used normally in the processing of sulfatebased copper leach solution. This is a major economic loss to the operation that must be controlled. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header.
Solvent extraction acts as a purification and concentration technique at the same time. Hence in this study experiments on separation of copper and nickel by solvent extraction have been performed using a modified aldoxime lix 664n as the extractant. Sx circuit configuration extraction stage the ammonium leach liquor, with the copper removed, was the feed to the solvent extraction circuit. A high copper nickel ratio on the copper loaded organic is obtained by using an extra extraction stage in which copper crowds nickel from the loaded organic, i. Separation of copper and nickel by solvent extraction. Hongzhang chen, lan wang, in technologies for biochemical conversion of biomass, 2017. The conversion of copper consists of a series of physical and electrochemical processes. Solvent extraction is a frequently used technology in hydrometallurgy.
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